BharatSangraha

Jammu Duggar · Western Himalaya & Trans-Himalaya

Freedom fighters

Duggar was the ruling half of a princely state, not a colonised district, and that shapes everything about its resistance record. There was no British collector to defy, no Quit India arrests on this side of the ridges, and in 1857 the state's soldiers marched for the Company. What the region has instead is two older strands and one late one. The older strands are agrarian: the Jhiri tradition of a cultivator who refused a landlord's grain demand, still commemorated at a large autumn fair, and the documented refusal of Mian Dido to accept Sikh tax collection after 1808. The late strand is the politics of the 1920s and 1930s, which took the form of associations pressing for state service and subjecthood, then of parties after 1931 pressing for responsible government from the Maharaja. The Jammu leaders below belong to that movement, and the account stops in 1947.

Risings and revolts

Baba Jitto and the Jhiri traditionby tradition, 16th century

A cultivator who is said to have brought waste land at Jhiri, near Jammu, into cultivation and then refused the landlord's demand for a larger share of the harvest, dying rather than yielding it. The story is oral tradition rather than record, and its dating is uncertain.

Outcome: The Jhiri fair each autumn is among the largest gatherings in the region, and the story is the region's own account of an agrarian grievance rather than a borrowed one.

Mian Dido's resistancec. 1808–1821

After Ranjit Singh annexed Jammu in 1808, Mian Dido Jamwal refused to submit and conducted a long irregular resistance from the Shivalik hills, obstructing revenue collection and raiding the garrison's posts with the support of cultivators.

Outcome: He was surrounded and killed by Sikh troops in the Trikuta hills; the resistance is remembered chiefly through Dogri ballads.

The State Subject agitation1920s

An organised campaign, pressed through Dogra and Kashmiri associations, against the employment of outsiders in state service and against the purchase of land by non-residents.

Outcome: The hereditary State Subject definition of 1927 restricted state service and landholding to state subjects, and became the basis of residence rights in the state.

The Jammu delegation and the agitation of 19311931

The Young Men's Muslim Association at Jammu chose delegates to lay grievances over employment, education and religious usage before the Maharaja, in parallel with the meetings in Srinagar that preceded the firing of 13 July 1931.

Outcome: The Glancy Commission reported in 1932, the state's first political parties were formed in the same year, and a partly elected Praja Sabha followed in 1934.

People

NameYearsMovementKnown for
Mian Dido JamwalJagti, near Jammu c. 1780–1821 Resistance to Sikh authority after 1808 Led an irregular resistance from the Shivaliks against Lahore's revenue collection in Jammu, with support from the cultivating villages.Killed by Sikh troops in the Trikuta hills; the dates given for his death vary between accounts.
Chaudhri Ghulam AbbasJammu 1904–1967 Young Men's Muslim Association, Muslim Conference A lawyer, one of the Jammu delegates who put grievances to the Maharaja in 1931, and a founder of the Muslim Conference in 1932. He was its principal leader in the Jammu province and revived it as a separate party in 1941 after the change of name and basis in 1939.Imprisoned several times during the 1930s and 1940s.
Mistri Yaqub AliJammu dates not established Young Men's Muslim Association, 1931 One of the Jammu representatives chosen in 1931 to present the province's grievances to the Maharaja, and an organiser of the Jammu side of the movement that followed.
Sardar Gauhar RahmanJammu dates not established Young Men's Muslim Association, 1931 One of the Jammu representatives chosen in 1931 to present grievances to the Maharaja; a Sikh-Muslim organiser in a province where the movement had to be built across communities to exist at all.
Sheikh Abdul MajidJammu dates not established Young Men's Muslim Association, 1931 Among the Jammu delegates of 1931 and later active in the state's party politics.
Sardar Budh SinghJammu 1881–1962 National Conference A Sikh leader from Jammu who presided over the National Conference and was among the figures used to demonstrate that the party's membership was open across communities after the change of name in 1939.

People from Jammu Duggar who resisted colonial rule, and the regional risings and revolts that shaped that resistance. (10)