इस क्षेत्र का अनुवाद अभी इस भाषा में नहीं हुआ है, इसलिए यह अंग्रेज़ी में दिखाया जा रहा है।

Mewar · Arid Northwest

स्वतंत्रता सेनानी

Mewar was a princely state with no British district inside it, so there was no colonial administration to campaign against and Congress politics arrived late — the Praja Mandal only in 1938. What the region does have is one of the longest continuous agrarian struggles in India, and two large adivasi movements, all of them directed at the state and its jagirdars rather than at the British. The Bijolia movement began in 1897 over levies and forced labour and was still running in 1941. The Bhil movements on the hill slope moved far larger numbers than any town-based politics in the region ever did, and both the 1913 gathering at Mangarh and the Eki campaign of 1921–22 were met with armed force. Reading Mewar's freedom struggle as a Congress story gets the region backwards; it was a tenancy and forest-rights story first.

विद्रोह और आंदोलन

The Bijolia peasant movement1897–1941

Cultivators of the Bijolia jagir, in the Chittor plateau's eastern uplands, organised against some eighty separate cesses, against begar, and against a war contribution imposed in 1916. A delegation went to the Maharana in 1897; a no-tax campaign followed in 1913; from 1916 Vijay Singh Pathik organised it through the Bijolia Kisan Panchayat.

परिणाम: An agreement in February 1922 withdrew several levies. Complaints of breach resumed by 1928 and the movement continued in phases until 1941. It is the longest-running peasant movement of the princely states.

The Begun agitation1921 onward

The Bijolia model spread to the neighbouring Begun jagir, where cultivators refused enhanced dues and begar on the same terms.

परिणाम: Concessions followed, though the settlement was contested; Begun is the clearest evidence that Bijolia was a regional pattern and not a single estate's quarrel.

The gathering at Mangarh17 November 1913

Bhil and Banjara followers of the reformer Govind Guru assembled on Mangarh hill, on the Banswara–Sunth border at the southern edge of the region, as part of a movement combining religious reform with refusal of forced labour and levies. Imperial Service Troops and the Mewar Bhil Corps fired on the assembly after an ultimatum to disperse.

परिणाम: Govind Guru and his deputy Punja Pargi were taken along with some nine hundred others. Casualty estimates range from a few dozen to fifteen hundred and no reliable count exists.

The Eki movement in the Bhomat1921–1929

Motilal Tejawat, a merchant from Kolhari, organised Bhil cultivators across the Bhomat — Kherwara, Kotra, Jhadol — to refuse land revenue, levies and begar. Twenty-one demands, framed as the Mewar ki Pukar, were put to the Maharana.

परिणाम: Eighteen demands were conceded in 1922; those on forest access, begar and hunting rights were refused. Tejawat was arrested in 1929 and held without trial until 1939.

व्यक्ति

नाम	वर्ष	आंदोलन	किसलिए मशहूर
Sadhu Sitaram DasBijolia, Chittor plateau	—	Bijolia peasant movement	One of the earliest organisers at Bijolia, active in the phase before 1913 when the cultivators' grievances were still being pressed through petitions to the Maharana.
Fateh Karan CharanBijolia	—	Bijolia peasant movement	Led the no-tax campaign of 1913, the point at which Bijolia turned from petitioning into organised refusal.
Vijay Singh PathikBijolia; later Ajmer	1882–1954	Bijolia peasant movement	Born Bhoop Singh and named in the Lahore conspiracy case of 1915, he came to Bijolia in 1916 and built the Bijolia Kisan Panchayat. He edited Rajasthan Kesari and Naveen Rajasthan and made the movement known outside the state; Tilak wrote to Maharana Fateh Singh about it, and Gandhi sent his secretary to study it.Died at Ajmer in 1954.
Manikya Lal VermaBijolia and Udaipur	born 4 December 1897	Bijolia movement, then Mewar Praja Mandal	Moved from the Bijolia agitation into constitutional politics, founding the Mewar Praja Mandal at Udaipur in 1938 to press for responsible government, and working among Bhil cultivators on the hill slope.Repeatedly jailed by the Udaipur state; later headed its government.
Govind GuruMangarh, on the Banswara edge	1858–1931	Bhagat movement among Bhil and Banjara communities	Founded the Samp Sabha and preached abstinence, ritual reform and refusal of forced labour and exactions among Bhil and Banjara households across the Rajasthan–Gujarat border tract.Captured after the firing at Mangarh on 17 November 1913 and sentenced to death; the sentence was reduced on appeal to imprisonment for life. Released in 1919 on condition that he keep out of political activity, he died at Kamboi in Panchmahal, Gujarat, on 30 October 1931.
Punja PargiMangarh tract	—	Bhagat movement	Govind Guru's principal lieutenant in the organisation of the Mangarh gathering.Taken with Govind Guru on 17 November 1913.
Motilal TejawatKolhari, Udaipur district; active across the Bhomat	1885–1963	Eki movement	Organised the Bhil cultivators of the Bhomat from 1921 into a refusal of revenue and begar, and framed their case as the twenty-one demands of the Mewar ki Pukar.Arrested on 4 June 1929 and held without trial until 23 April 1939; arrested again in January 1946.
Narayani Devi VermaBijolia and Udaipur	died 12 March 1977	Bijolia movement, then Mewar Praja Mandal	Organised women cultivators in the Bijolia movement — the first public participation by women in a Rajasthan peasant agitation — and ran night schools for them. Later active in the Praja Mandal and in the Quit India movement in Mewar.Arrested in 1939 and again in 1942.

Mewar के वे लोग जिन्होंने औपनिवेशिक शासन का प्रतिरोध किया, और वे क्षेत्रीय विद्रोह जिन्होंने उस प्रतिरोध को आकार दिया। (12)