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Mewar · Arid Northwest
Mewari is a Rajasthani variety, mutually intelligible with Marwari at the edges and distinct at the centre, and it holds Old Rajasthani forms that standard Hindi has dropped. It is also the register in which Meera's padas are actually sung in this region, whatever the printed anthologies standardise them into. Its speakers almost all return "Hindi" to the census, so the recorded numbers describe the return, not the language.
बोलियाँ
The Udaipur, Rajsamand and Chittorgarh register. Retains the -o masculine ending and a distinct set of postpositions where Hindi uses ka and ko.
बोलने वाले: Around 5 million by field estimate; census returns are far lower because most speakers return Hindi
Spoken down the southern slope towards the Mahi. Classified with the Bhil languages rather than with Rajasthani, which is why it feels like a break rather than a shading to a Mewari speaker.
The Kotra, Jhadol and Gogunda speech, and the language Gavri is largely performed in. Its speakers are routinely counted under Bhili, Wagdi or Hindi depending on who is doing the counting.
Takes over as the Chittor plateau steps down towards Neemuch and Mandsaur. The transition is gradual enough that speakers on the boundary switch between the two without regarding it as switching.
स्थानीय शब्दावली
| शब्द | अर्थ |
|---|---|
| Medapata मेदपाट | The region's old name, from which "Mewar" derives. It appears in inscriptions long before any of the dynasties that later claimed it. |
| Diwan of Eklingji एकलिंग दीवान | The title the ruler of Mewar used. The state's sovereign was held to be the deity Eklingji at Kailashpuri, and the Maharana governed as his deputy — a formal arrangement, invoked in charters, not a figure of speech. |
| Jauhar जौहर | The collective self-immolation of the women of a fort about to fall, so that they would not be taken. It is recorded at Chittorgarh three times — in 1303, in 1535 and in 1568. |
| Saka साका | The paired act: the men of the garrison riding out in saffron to fight until killed, after the jauhar had taken place. Jauhar and saka are always spoken of together in the chronicles because they were one sequence. |
| Bandh बांध | The dam. Every lake in Mewar is one — Pichola, Udai Sagar, Rajsamand and Jaisamand are all embankments with names, and a Mewari speaker will name the bandh rather than the water behind it. |
| Girwa गिरवा | The ring of hills enclosing Udaipur, and the basin inside it. The word describes a landform local enough that it has no equivalent thirty kilometres away. |
| Magra मगरा | The high, broken hill tract around Kumbhalgarh and Gogunda — upland, poor soil, and grazing country. |
| Bhomat भोमट | The Bhil hill country of southern Mewar, historically administered through Bhil chiefs rather than by the court directly, and a term still used for the tract. |
| Pichwai पिछवाई | Literally "that which hangs behind" — the painted cloth hung at the back of the Shrinathji image, changed with the season and the festival. |
| Haveli हवेली | In Pushtimarg usage the temple itself, because the deity is housed as a member of a household rather than enshrined in a sanctum. Nathdwara's building has no shikhara for the same reason. |
| Annakut अन्नकूट | The mountain of cooked rice piled before the deity the day after Diwali, then distributed. Nathdwara's is the largest in the region and draws crowds that the town's lanes cannot really hold. |
| Gavri गवरी | The Bhil forty-day ritual theatre season, and by extension the troupe that performs it. |
| Amal अमल | Opium taken in water, formerly offered from hand to hand at weddings, funerals and settlements across southern Rajasthan as a mark of reconciliation. The practice is now restricted by law and by district order, and survives mostly as a token gesture. |
| Thikana ठिकाणा | A noble's estate held under the Maharana. Mewar's were graded into ranks of umraos, and the larger ones — Devgarh, Salumbar, Begun — ran their own painting workshops and courts. |
कहावतें
| कहावत | शाब्दिक अर्थ | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| Jo dridh rakhe dharm ko, tahi rakhe kartar | Whoever holds firm to duty, him the maker upholds | The motto on the Mewar state emblem, which shows a Bhil and a Rajput standing on either side of the sun — an official acknowledgement of who the dynasty's alliance actually rested on. |
| Ghani khamma | Great forgiveness | The standard respectful greeting across Mewar, offered to a superior, a guest or a deity. It is a request for indulgence used as a hello, which is a fair summary of the region's manners. |
| Gor gor gomati, Isar puje Parvati | Fair, fair Gomati — Parvati worships Isar | The opening of the Gangaur song. Worth noticing that the festival's whole logic runs through the goddess: it is Gauri who is made, dressed, carried and immersed, and Isar who accompanies her. |
| Meera ke prabhu Giridhar Nagar | Meera's lord, the lifter of the mountain | The signature line that closes her padas. In this tradition a song is attributed by its last line, so the phrase functions as a copyright mark that anyone singing the pada has to repeat. |
Mewar की बोलियाँ, स्थानीय शब्दावली और कहावतें। (18)