Villupattu — Muthupattan KathaiTamil
The ballad of a Brahmin who leaves his caste to marry into a leather-working family and is deified — sung to the beaten bow, and one of the few long Tamil oral epics still performed at full length.
कब गाया जाता है: Village temple festivals, overnight.
Sudalai Madan and Ayyanar songsTamil
Praise and invocation of the village guardian deities whose terracotta horses stand at the field edges, sung with urumi and thappu at the annual kodai festival.
कब गाया जाता है: Guardian-deity festivals.
Kappal paattu and boat songsTamil
Work songs of the fishing coast, timed to a hauling rhythm, with a substantial body of verses about voyages, weather and men who did not come back.
कब गाया जाता है: Launching and hauling.
Nagarathar bhajanai padalTamil and Sanskrit
Congregational devotional singing in the bhajana sampradaya, performed in mansion courtyards and in the nine clan temples on a fixed annual calendar.
कब गाया जाता है: Clan temple festivals and household observances.
Munajat and Tamil Islamic devotional verseTamil, historically written in Arwi
Praise of the Prophet and of local saints, in Tamil metres, historically written and printed in Arabic script. Kayalpattinam and Kilakarai were among the centres of the tradition.
कब गाया जाता है: Mawlid, Muharram and dargah observances.
OppariTamil
Sung lament by women, improvised on the spot and addressed to the dead, accompanied on this coast by parai drumming.
कब गाया जाता है: Death.
Marudhu Pandiyar and Velu Nachiyar balladsTamil
Sung narratives of the eighteenth-century Sivaganga resistance, kept in oral circulation long before they entered any textbook.
कब गाया जाता है: Guru puja days and village gatherings.