इस क्षेत्र का अनुवाद अभी इस भाषा में नहीं हुआ है, इसलिए यह अंग्रेज़ी में दिखाया जा रहा है।

Kosta Andhra · Eastern Coastal Plains

स्वतंत्रता सेनानी

The deltas were British Indian territory under a presidency government, densely populated, well schooled and served by a Telugu press from the 1900s, so nationalist organisation here was earlier, thicker and more locally inventive than anywhere else in the Telugu country. Its characteristic form was collective withdrawal rather than confrontation. In 1921 almost the whole population of Chirala and Perala walked out of the town rather than pay a municipal tax and lived in huts beyond its boundary for eleven months. In the Palnadu, immediately west of the delta, cultivators refused the pullari grazing levy and drove their cattle into reserved forest. The coast made salt in defiance of the law in 1930, and the same district committees ran the Quit India arrests of 1942. Alongside this ran a reform movement — widow remarriage, girls' schooling, temple entry — which shared its personnel with the political one and is not separable from it.

विद्रोह और आंदोलन

The Chirala–Perala withdrawal1921–1922

When the government combined the villages of Chirala and Perala into a municipality and raised the annual demand roughly tenfold, some thirteen thousand of the town's fifteen thousand residents left it in April 1921 on Duggirala Gopalakrishnayya's lead and built a settlement called Ramanagar beyond the municipal boundary, with its own assembly and arbitration court.

परिणाम: The settlement held for eleven months and broke up under financial strain after Gopalakrishnayya was arrested and imprisoned at Tiruchirappalli.

The Palnadu forest satyagraha1921–1922

Cultivators on the dry upland west of the Krishna delta refused the pullari, the levy charged for grazing cattle and taking forest produce, and continued to use the reserved forest under Kanneganti Hanumanthu's leadership.

परिणाम: Hanumanthu was shot dead by police at Minchalapadu in February 1922; accounts give the date as either the 22nd or the 26th. The campaign was suppressed but the grazing levy remained a live grievance for a decade.

The salt satyagraha on the delta coast1930

From April 1930 salt was made in breach of the salt laws at points along the Krishna and Godavari shore, including Chirala, Machilipatnam and Kakinada, with volunteer camps organised district by district and a large participation of women.

परिणाम: Mass arrests, including of most of the district Congress leadership; the campaign was renewed in 1932.

Quit India in the deltas1942

Following the August resolution, arrests of the district leadership were met with strikes, the closure of schools and colleges, and attacks on railway and telegraph lines in several tracts of the Krishna, Guntur and Godavari districts.

परिणाम: Suppressed by the end of the year, with long detentions of the organisers.

व्यक्ति

नाम	वर्ष	आंदोलन	किसलिए मशहूर
Kandukuri VeeresalingamRajahmundry	1848–1919	Social reform	Arranged the first widow remarriage in the Telugu country at Rajahmundry on 11 December 1881, opened schools for girls and a home for widows, edited reform journals and wrote what is generally called the first Telugu novel. The political generation that followed on this coast came out of his associations.
Duggirala GopalakrishnayyaChirala, Guntur district	1889–1928	Non-cooperation	Led the withdrawal of Chirala and Perala from their municipality in 1921 and organised the Ramanagar settlement that housed the town for eleven months.Arrested and imprisoned at Tiruchirappalli; died in 1928 at thirty-nine.
Kanneganti HanumanthuMinchalapadu, Palnadu	died 1922	Palnadu forest satyagraha	Led the refusal of the pullari grazing levy on the upland west of the delta and the continued use of reserved forest.Shot dead by police at Minchalapadu in February 1922.
Konda VenkatappayyaGuntur	1866–1949	Non-cooperation, civil disobedience	Guntur lawyer, among the founders of the Telugu weekly Krishna Patrika in 1902, and the principal organiser of non-cooperation and of the 1930 salt campaign in the Guntur district.Imprisoned repeatedly through the 1920s and 1930s.
Pingali VenkayyaBhatlapenumarru, near Machilipatnam	1876–1963	Congress	Lecturer at the Andhra National College, Machilipatnam, and a working agronomist and geologist. Presented his design for a national flag to Gandhi at the Congress meeting held at Bezwada on 31 March and 1 April 1921.
Durgabai DeshmukhRajahmundry	1909–1981	Salt Satyagraha, civil disobedience	Organised women volunteers for the salt campaign of 1930 and founded the Andhra Mahila Sabha in 1937 for women's education and welfare.Imprisoned three times between 1930 and 1933.
Unnava LakshminarayanaGuntur	1877–1958	Non-cooperation	Lawyer and writer who founded the Sarada Niketan home and school for widows at Guntur and wrote the novel Malapalli, published in 1922, about caste and labour in a delta village; the book was banned for a period.Imprisoned during non-cooperation.
Bhogaraju Pattabhi SitaramayyaMachilipatnam	1880–1959	Congress	Physician turned organiser; ran the Congress machinery in the coastal districts, founded a bank at Machilipatnam in 1923 to keep the district's savings in local hands, and wrote the Congress's own history.Imprisoned during civil disobedience and again after Quit India.
Potti SriramuluPadamatapalli and Nellore	1901–1952	Salt Satyagraha, individual satyagraha, Quit India	Left a railway engineer's post in 1931 to join Gandhi's ashram. Imprisoned for the salt satyagraha of 1930 and again between 1941 and 1942 for individual satyagraha and Quit India, and from 1946 fasted at Nellore for the admission of Dalits to the temple at Moolapeta.

Kosta Andhra के वे लोग जिन्होंने औपनिवेशिक शासन का प्रतिरोध किया, और वे क्षेत्रीय विद्रोह जिन्होंने उस प्रतिरोध को आकार दिया। (13)