इस क्षेत्र का अनुवाद अभी इस भाषा में नहीं हुआ है, इसलिए यह अंग्रेज़ी में दिखाया जा रहा है।
Bastar · Central Highlands & Forest Belt
Bastar was a princely state and almost none of its resistance is national politics. There is no Congress story here, no 1857 and no salt march. What the record shows instead is a sequence of risings running from 1774 to 1910, each set off by a specific outside intrusion — Maratha tribute, a diwan appointed from outside, timber contracts given to distant firms, the reservation of forest the villages used, unpaid labour, and the traders and moneylenders who followed the new roads. They were organised through the plateau's own offices, by majhis, village headmen and occasionally by a member of the ruling family at odds with the administration, and their demands were about the forest and the village rather than about the country. The Bhumkal of 1910 is the largest adivasi rising in central India in the twentieth century, and it was over in under a month.
विद्रोह और आंदोलन
A five-year disturbance raised in the name of Ajmer Singh, in which a contested succession in the ruling house drew in Maratha forces and the neighbouring Jeypore state, and the fighting ran through the plateau's central villages.
परिणाम: The ruling house emerged weakened and dependent on outside support, and the Halba community, which gave the rising its name, suffered heavy losses. Tributary obligations to Nagpur followed.
Gend Singh, an Abujhmaria of the Paralkot country in the north-west of the plateau, led villages in refusing the revenue demands made under Maratha and British authority.
परिणाम: The rising was put down in 1825 and Gend Singh was executed; the date given locally is 20 January.
Muria villagers assembled in very large numbers at Jagdalpur against the administration of a diwan appointed over their objections, and did not disperse. The British political officer came to the capital and negotiated rather than dispersing them.
परिणाम: The diwan was removed. The settlement is generally taken as the origin of the Muria Darbar, the assembly held during the Dussehra cycle at which village representatives put grievances directly to the ruler — a rare case of a rising producing a standing institution.
The plateau's largest rising, prepared over the previous year. Its grievances were the extension of reserved forest, which put the villages' own forest under permit; demands for unpaid labour; the pressure of traders and moneylenders on the new roads; and interference with village custom. Lal Karendra Singh, a former diwan of the ruling family, met pargana majhis in October 1909, and in January 1910 tokens — mango boughs, red chillies, lumps of earth and arrows — were circulated through the villages as a summons. The rising began on 6 February 1910 and for a week much of the state was outside government control; Geedam and Barsur were taken and Kutru besieged. The action was directed at forest officials, contractors and traders rather than at the plateau's own villages.
परिणाम: Troops brought in from Jeypore and from Bengal put the rising down before the end of February, with heavy losses among the villages of the Abujhmarh slopes. Lal Karendra Singh was taken in February; Gunda Dhur was never captured.
व्यक्ति
| नाम | वर्ष | आंदोलन | किसलिए मशहूर |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ajmer SinghBastar | active 1774–1779 | The Halba rebellion | The figure in whose name the rising of 1774–79 was raised. The records describe him variously as a state officer and as a claimant of the ruling house, and the accounts do not agree. |
| Gend SinghParalkot, north-western Bastar | died 1825 | The Paralkot rebellion of 1825 | An Abujhmaria who led the refusal of Maratha and British revenue demands in the Paralkot country.Executed when the rising was suppressed in 1825; the date given locally is 20 January. |
| Dhruva RaoLingagiri, southern Bastar | active 1856–1857 | The Lingagiri rising | Led the southern villages against the demands made through the state administration in the late 1850s, in the same years as, but separately from, the revolt in northern India. |
| Lal Karendra SinghJagdalpur | active 1909–1910 | The Bhumkal of 1910 | A former diwan and a member of the ruling family, at odds with the administration being run through British officers. He met the pargana majhis in October 1909 and organised the preparation of the rising. His name is also given in the records as Kalindra Singh.Taken by government troops in February 1910. |
| Gunda DhurNethanar, in the Jagdalpur country | — | The Bhumkal of 1910 | A Dhurwa villager who was the public leader of the rising and the name under which its summons circulated. He is the figure the plateau itself remembers, rather than the diwan who organised it.Never captured; he does not appear in the record after 1910. |
Bastar के वे लोग जिन्होंने औपनिवेशिक शासन का प्रतिरोध किया, और वे क्षेत्रीय विद्रोह जिन्होंने उस प्रतिरोध को आकार दिया। (9)